A recent status on facebook made me think about how confusing the Lenten season is. Not that God will strike someone down if they get the dates wrong or don't understand why there are 46 days between Ash Wed and Easter Sunday when Lent mimics the 40 days of fasting Jesus had in the desert. I was always confused by that, but like many kids that grew up going to Catholic school, I never questioned what I perceived as an inconsistency. I now understand it, but only because I looked it up myself. Since this is my blog and the subject has come up recently with me, I am going to do a little Roman Catholic psychoeducation with you. Feel free to skip. I am not trying to convert anyone or anything, just wanted to share my knowledge because I think it is interesting.
So there is debate on the whole Lenten season and how long it "lasts". Typically people think 40 days because that is how long Jesus fasted in the desert and we (Roman Catholics as well as many other Christian denominations) give something up for Lent and don't eat meat on Fridays, some even fasting completely on Fridays. Lets see, where to start first....
The calculation of the 40 (actually 46) days of Lent:
Jesus and his original disciples were Jewish. They celebrated Sabbath on Saturday because this was the 7th day in God's creation of earth, where he rested. To honor this they too would refrain from labor, spending the day praying and resting. However, when Jesus rose from the dead on a Sunday, early Christians (including the original disciples) decided to switch the Sabbath to a Sunday to honor Christ rising from the dead on a weekly basis. Since all Sundays are utilized for rest, prayer, and honoring Christ's rebirth, then they are not to be used for penance or fasting. So when the Lenten 40 days of fasting began to mimic the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert before beginning his public ministry, Sundays were not included in the count to continue the honoring of the Sabbath. To include the proper 40 days, Lent was extended to be 6 full weeks because only 6 of the 7 days in a week are included in the count. This makes 36 days. Then you count Ash Wed and the Thurs, Fri, and Sat that follow it. That makes your 40 days of fasting in the 46 days between Ash Wed and Easter Sunday.
So When does the Lent end?
This is also somewhat of a debate. Some people stop fasting at the beginning of Holy week, some on Easter, some Easter Saturday, some Holy Thursday...it can get confusing as well. Technically, the fasting begins on Ash Wed. Most Americans, Catholic or not, would agree with this. In Eastern practices though, they use Clean Monday as the beginning of their lent. No matter, I am Roman Catholic, I go with Ash Wed. Taking into consideration the above way to calculate the 40 days of Lent, the fasting then ends on Holy Saturday (the day before Easter Sunday). Typically this is what people want to know when they ask when Lent ends. Some people go ahead and extend the fasting to whenever they have their traditional Easter Sunday family gatherings after Easter Sunday services. This is due to a confusion or lack of awareness on how the 40 days of Lenten fasting are calculated. Interestingly enough, liturgically, Lent is said to end 2 days prior to Holy Saturday, on Holy Thursday. This has to do with some governing rules that the Roman Catholic calender follows that state that Lent runs from Ash Wed to the mass of the Lord's Supper on Holy Thursday.
So Catholics actually fast when and what?
According to the Catholic church, people 18 years of age to only 59 years of age must partake in the fasting. Fasting days include Ash Wed and Good Friday. Adding to that, Catholics 14 years of age and older cannot eat meat on those two fasting days plus all Fridays during the Lenten season. Here in the US, bishops actually allow one full meal and then a small snackish sized something twice a day to be considered fasting. Of course, no meat is allowed in this. You can have meat based broth, eggs, milk, lard, or other "condiments" made from meat fat. You can also have meat juices, which were sometimes poured on top of salads way back when as a form of seasoning. Fish is allowed also, which is was has been traditionally eaten by Catholics on Fridays during Lent so they can still get all those nutrients. It is not required that we eat fish on Fridays, which some people think it is because so many churches and restaurants have Friday fish fries. Additionally, many Catholics give something up during Lent as a form of penance. To show that we are going without something that is difficult for us. It is a kind of suffering in honor of what Jesus went through in order for us to have everlasting life in heaven. It is a common misconception that we are required to give something up. Infact, penance can include many things such as prayer, alms-giving, personal charity, and abstinence/self-denial. Any of these are an acceptable form of penance during Lent. So instead of suffering, we are allowed to do something that benefits others, much like the way Jesus lived his daily life. No, we do not believe that we are doomed to hell if we mess up. The sickly, elderly, weak, and children can all opt out of these traditions in the eyes of the church, but many people out of the required age bracket choose to partake anyways.
So there you have it, my bit-o-knowledge of Lent for you. Hope it was interesting.